|
|
Management of infectious waste
Martinek, Karel ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is the summary of processing rules, handling and disposal of waste from medical facilities in the Czech Republic and comparison of approach with other countries. Legislation of dangerous waste varies from country to country. Slight differences are also observed in the conception of individual regions of Czechia. Increasingly, infectious waste is decontaminated before final disposal by incineration. The thesis provides basic information, advantages or disadvantages of individual decontamination methods and comparison of some of them.
|
|
| |
|
|
Facilities of Civil Protection for Decontamination of Persons
Fiala, Jiří ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (advisor)
The risk of leakage of dangerous chemicals, or their misuse against the civilian population is very high in modern times. Even a small group of people can create(be) a threat to a large population. The solution is in properly training, solutions and implementation of projects in the field of population protection to cope with any emergency situation,so including the right solution for mass decontamination of people in CBRN events.
|
|
|
Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
|
|
|
Extraction Detoxification of Sensitive Components
Andrle, Marek ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Skoumal, Miroslav (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Solvent extraction is one of the methods available for the decontamination of sensitive equipments that are contaminated with chemical warfare agents. The efficiency of extraction method have been verified on the samples, (steel or rubber) that have been contaminated with drops of mustard gas. These samples have been inserted into the extraction flow cell through which solvent (ethoxynonafluorobutane - HFE-7200) flowed. The solvent was sampled in the time intervals. These samples of solvent were analysed for the concentration of mustard gas. Process of extraction was monitored for the three operational factors (the solvent flow rate, temperature and the ultrasound power) and for three different situations (dissolution of drops of mustard gas, mustard gas desorption from the structure of the sample and dissolve drops of mustard gas with the subsequent desorption from the sample). The development of the decontamination process in time was found to consist of two stages. In the first stage the rapid dissolution of the liquid part of mustard gas in a solvent and in the second phase was such as mustard desorption from the structure of the sample and this phase was considerably slower. Extraction is to accelerate increasing the value of the flow of the solvent, the temperature and the performance of the ultrasound. These operational fac-tors have a significant impact on the thickness of the laminar layer of solvent, the solvent replacement coefficient in a cell, diffusion parameters in the process, the viscosity, the solubility of mustard gas in a solvent and the maximum achievable concentration of mustard gas in the rubber sample. The values of adjustable parameters was obtained by mathematical analysis of mathematical model. The progress of extraction under different operational conditions can be predicted by these parameters. The effect of solvents and ultrasound was experimentally verified for selected equipments of computing and communication technology. The possibility of separation of chemical warfare agents from the solvent was verified too.
|
|
|
Operational Possibilities of Fire Rescue Units for Decontamination of Persons
Svoboda, Petr ; Buřík, Richard (referee) ; Valášek, Rudolf (advisor)
In this work I discuss about the historical development of the decontamination of units of the fire protection till the present time. It describes ways of contamination of individuals and methods of their decontamination, including decontaminating substances and mixtures that may be currently used at fire brigade units. Also describes the current tactics of intervention of fire brigade units and intervention associated with the release of hazardous substances with the focus on decontamination. Moreover it submits a way of surface coverage and indicates the type of fire brigades and their predestination. In the interface of The Fire Rescue Service of region of Southern Moravia, Regional Department of Brno it describes individual fire stations and their equipment for decontamination of people. In conclusion of this work is an evaluation of operational options of units due to the decontamination of individuals with regard to their manpower.
|
|
|
Methods of infectious waste management from hospital operations
Kovář, Lukáš ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of health–care waste and the possibilities of disposal. It focuses on infectious waste generated by hospital business. There are a lot of special rules for infectious waste. It is very important to apply them in handling and subsequent disposal. Proper management of hazardous waste is very important for health security. The bachelor thesis will provide an overview of the methods for the disposal of hazardous wastes as well as their mutual comparison. One of the latest devices for the decontamination and destruction of medical material is the Converter.
|
|
|
Infectious waste management at regional level
Martinek, Karel ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Současná pandemická situace ukázala obrovské dopady rozšíření infekce na společnost, i přesto stále ještě chybí jednotný přístup k problematice infekčního odpadu. Cílem této práce je představení metodiky nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu v kontextu situace v Česku a Evropské Unii. V teoretické části práce je uveden legislativní rámec, charakter produkce, možnosti dekontaminace a podmínky spalování infekčního odpadu. Na základě těchto poznatků je navržena metodika pro nakládání s infekčním odpadem v rámci regionu. V praktické části práce je pak metodika aplikována na konkrétní region – Královéhradecký kraj. V rámci metodiky jsou navrženy možné scénáře nakládání s infekčním odpadem a vybrány nejvhodnější z nich z pohledu zdravotních rizik, rozpočtové zátěže a dopadu na životní prostředí. Na závěr je metodika kriticky zhodnocena a srovnána s metodikami jiných studií na podobné téma.
|
|
|
Readiness of individual members of selected fire protection units for managing industrial chemical accidents
NĚMCOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis offers an analysis and evaluation of the knowledge of individual members of selected fire departments when responding to industrial chemical accidents. Since this issue affects most of the Czech Republic, the thesis is not focused on any particular region. The theoretical part provides an introduction to the issue. First of all, it deals with chemical accidents in general, their causes and manifestations, followed by the toxicology of selected industrial chemicals and a simple list of the provisions of Act No. 224/2015 Coll., on the prevention of major accidents. The subsequent passage of the theoretical part concerns fire departments, primarily those targeted in the practical part of the work. This presented here are their activities during various types of responses, in particular to chemical accidents. Also included is a list of the activities of departments set up to respond to accidents with hazardous substances. The last part of the theory talks about the basics of physical protection against chemicals and decontamination. The aim of the thesis is to compare the results of the research with general procedures and requirements. The practical part of this bachelor thesis consists of the research itself and a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire is mainly designed to map out the knowledge of the individual respondents. The questions are mainly based on the Fire Fighting Code of the fire departments and the related Performance Regulations of corporate fire departments, volunteer municipal fire departments and volunteer fire brigades of companies. The questions were chosen to cover what I consider to be the core issues. The results of the research have been presented graphically and all questions discussed individually.
|
|
|
Nové trendy prevence infekcí spojených se zdravotní péčí v ošetřovatelské praxi
KRAUSE, Martin
The aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out risky objects and surfaces used in the provision of nursing care in terms of transmission of healthcare associated infections. Another aim was to find out the current state of knowledge of nurses about the disinfection of objects and surfaces in the provision of nursing care. The last aim was to find out the microbial efficiency of nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces in nursing practice. The research was carried out at a selected provider of health services, i.e. a regional hospital. The aims were achieved using a qualitative and a quantitative research methods. Part of the research was carried out with financial support within the student grant competition. In the first part of the research, risky objects and surfaces that are used in the provision of nursing care at standard departments of the selected hospital were identified by qualitative research using the technique of unstructured observation. In the second part of the research, the knowledge of nurses working in the departments of internal medicine and surgery in the principles of disinfection was found out by quantitative research using the questionnaire technique. Based on the results of the research, it was found out that the level of achieved knowledge depends on education, period of practice, age and department. However, knowledge is limited in some areas. In the third part of the research, the microbial efficiency of the nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces (kidney dish, tray and box used to store medical material) was found out by quantitative research using an experiment. Based on the research results, it was found out that selected objects and surfaces with nanomaterial (antibacterial and hydrophobic nanolayer) showed bacterial contamination, i.e. it was not possible to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between bacterial contamination of objects and surfaces with and without nanomaterial. Further analysis revealed that, for example, kidney dishes would be contaminated with bacteria in 31.3% or trays in 38.1%. It was also found out that some objects and surfaces were also contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae or Serratia rubidaea. The results show that adherence to decontamination of objects and surfaces, especially high touch objects and surfaces, it is important to pay attention at all times, to improve knowledge and skills of nurses involved in providing care to patients and seek new ways to implement preventive measures to minimize transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis thus provides an insight into the prevention of healthcare associated infections problematics in the context of the use of reusable high touch objects and surfaces requiring chemical disinfection in the provision of nursing care. It also provides evidence for compliance with binding hygienic-epidemiological measures and verification of new possibilities for reducing the risk of transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis is beneficial in the field of education, practice, but also for further research in this problematics.
|
guest ::
